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Sodium Lignosulfonate Application

Sodium lignosulfonate has a wide range of applications across various industries. Here are some common uses of sodium lignosulfonate:

1. Concrete and Cement Industry: Sodium lignosulfonate is extensively used as a water-reducing agent or plasticizer in concrete and cement formulations. It improves workability, reduces water demand, and enhances the strength and durability of concrete. It helps to reduce cracking, improve the flow of concrete, and increase the setting time.
2. Dispersing Agent: Sodium lignosulfonate acts as an effective dispersing agent or dispersant in various industries. It helps to disperse and stabilize particles, preventing agglomeration and improving the flow and homogeneity of suspensions and solutions. It is used in applications such as ceramic production, textile dyes, pesticides, and carbon black.
3. Animal Feed: Sodium lignosulfonate is used as a binding agent in the production of animal feed pellets. It helps to improve pellet durability, prevent dust formation, and enhance the feed’s physical properties. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of livestock feed and pet food.
4. Agriculture: Sodium lignosulfonate can be applied in agriculture as a soil conditioner and dust suppressant. It helps to reduce soil erosion, improve water retention in the soil, and control dust on unpaved roads. It can also enhance the efficiency of fertilizers and herbicides by improving their dispersion and absorption.
5. Oil and Gas Industry: Sodium lignosulfonate is utilized in the oil and gas industry as a dispersant and fluid loss control agent in drilling muds. It helps to prevent clumping of particles and maintains the stability of drilling fluids. It also reduces fluid loss by forming a thin film on the walls of the wellbore.
6. Textile Industry: Sodium lignosulfonate finds application in the textile industry as a dye dispersant and levelling agent. It helps to disperse dyes evenly and prevent their agglomeration during the dyeing process. It promotes uniform dye penetration and enhances color fastness.
7. Other Applications: Sodium lignosulfonate is also used in various other areas such as leather tanning, coal briquetting, ceramics, and mineral processing. It can act as a binder, dispersant, and processing aid in these industries.

It’s important to note that the specific application, dosage, and formulation of sodium lignosulfonate can vary depending on the industry and desired outcome. Therefore, it is advisable to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and guidelines for its proper and effective use in each specific application.

Sodium Lignosulfonate Details

Sodium lignosulfonate is a natural polymer derived from lignin, which is a complex organic compound found in the cell walls of plants. It is commonly used in various industries, including construction, agriculture, and chemical processing, due to its unique properties.

Here are some key points about sodium lignosulfonate:

1. Chemical Properties: Sodium lignosulfonate is a water-soluble lignin derivative that is obtained by the sulfite pulping process. It is typically available as a brown or tan powder.
2. Water Reducing Agent: One of the main applications of sodium lignosulfonate is as a water reducing agent or plasticizer in concrete and cement. It improves workability and reduces the water content required for concrete mixing, resulting in increased strength and durability of the final product.
3. Dispersing Agent: Sodium lignosulfonate acts as an effective dispersing agent or dispersant. It helps to prevent clumping and agglomeration of particles in various formulations, such as pesticides, dyes, and ceramic materials.
4. Binding Agent: It can also function as a binding agent in a variety of applications. Sodium lignosulfonate is commonly used in the production of animal feed pellets, where it helps to bind the ingredients together and improve pellet durability.
5. Agricultural Applications: In agriculture, sodium lignosulfonate can be used as a soil stabilizer and dust suppressant. It helps to reduce soil erosion, improve water retention, and control dust on unpaved roads.
6. Environmental Considerations: Sodium lignosulfonate is derived from a renewable resource (lignin) and is generally considered to be environmentally friendly. It is biodegradable and does not pose significant risks to human health or the environment when used as directed.

It’s worth noting that while sodium lignosulfonate has various industrial applications, specific formulations and concentrations may vary depending on the intended use. It is always recommended to consult the product’s technical data sheet or manufacturer’s guidelines for accurate information and proper usage instructions.

SODIUM POLYNAPHTHALENE SULFONATE

Sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate (SPNS) functions as an emulsion stabilizer, surfactant – dispersing agent, and a surfactant – hydrotrope in cosmetic products. It is used as a raw material in the production of admixtures for the construction industry and is one of the basic ingredients for formulation of chemical admixtures for concrete and mortars. It is defined as the sodium salt of the product obtained by the condensation polymerization of 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid and formaldehyde.

2 CHEMICAL NAME AND IDENTIFICATION

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, polymer with formaldehyde
CAS RN: 9008-63-3
Molecular formula: (C10H8O3S.CH2O.Na)x [This substance is a polymer.]
Molecular weight: Unknown
Synonyms: Sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate; naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, polymer with formaldehyde; sodium naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde copolymer; naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt/formaldehyde polymer; formaldehyde/naphthalenesulfonic acid.

3 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

According to Hampshire Chemical Corp. (1995), SPNS is made by reacting naphthalene with sulfuric acid under conditions of heat and pressure. Formaldehyde and water are then added to produce the acid polymer under the same conditions of heat and pressure. Caustic is added to the acid polymer resulting in the final product (CIR, 2003).
SPNS is tan or amber in powdered form and brown in liquid form. It is completely soluble with a density of 400 – 700 kg/m3 . The substance has a percent (%) volatility of 3 % to 7 % water (CIR,
2003).

4 Effect

Four naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate (FDN) fractions with different molecular weights were obtained by fractionation using ultrafiltration and their Molecular weight distributions and the contents of sulfonic group were tested separately by mass spectrum and element analysis. The effects of four FDN fractions on the property of cement and mortar were studied. It is found that FDN with higher molecular have better workability. When the mass dosage of FDN gotten through 30000 member size is 0.5%, the water-reducing ratio of mortar is up to 16%, increases by 4% than that of original FDN. At the same time, the compressive strength of responded mortar is rised by 30% compared with blank sample after 7 days, accompanying with flexural strength increases by 23%. FDN with higher molecular has some retarding effect comparing with the lower, and can help the formation of uniform and densely thin rod-shaped ettringite during cement hydration early by scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde Condensate Application

Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde Condensate is abbreviated as SNF. It has been an important
anionic surfactant in industry. It has been widely used in printing and dyeing, leather making, cement,
rubber, paint, oil field mud treatment and other industries. With the dramatic increase of synthetic fibers,
as the main additives of synthetic fibers dyes, the demand for naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde
condensate has increased dramatically, and its position in the additive industry has become more
important.

Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde Condensate as Dispersing admixtures

Dispersing admixtures are the most important admixture type, accounting for over 60% of all admixtures sold in the UK. They include the types covered by the names Plasticizer, Superplasticizer, Water Reducer, High Range Water Reducer and they are covered by Standards EN 934-2 or by ASTM C494. Marketing ploys by admixture companies have introduced additional/alternative names including Mid-range, first, second and third generation, hyperplasticizer, etc. However, these names are generally not recognized by standards.

These dispersing admixtures all function by adsorption onto the cement surface in a way that causes the cement particles to distribute more uniformly throughout the aqueous phase, reducing the yield value for a given water content and so increasing the fluidity of the mix. They may also have a small effect on the plastic viscosity or cohesion of the mix. They are used in one or more of the following ways.

To increase the fluidity of the mix at a given water content. (Plasticizing or superplasticizing action)•

To reduce the water content of the mix at a given fluidity, improving strength and durability. (Water reducing or High Range Water Reducing).

To reduce the cement content by reducing water and maintaining water:cement ratio to give equivalent strength. (Cement reducing) In optimizing a concrete mix for a given application it will often be effective to use a combination of these properties (for example, to use the admixture at a dosage which can reduce the water content but also allow the fluidity of the mix to increase).

Dispersing admixtures fall into to two groups which, for standards purposes (EN 934 or ASTM C494), are divided by their water-reducing ability. These are the Normal Plasticizers/Water reducers and the Superplasticizers/High Range Water reducers.

Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde Condensate as Superplasticizers

Definition: water reduction more than 12% but depending on dose and type can give over 30%.

Other characteristics:•

Dosage, typically 0.6 to 2.0% on cement (30–40% soln).•

Minimal retardation except at the top of the dosage range.•

Synthetic chemicals derived from the chemical industry and designed with properties optimized specifically for admixture applications. There are currently three main chemical types: the sulphonated polymers of naphthalene or melamine formaldehyde condensates and the polycarboxylate ethers. These will be discussed in more detail later in this section.

These basic chemicals can be used alone or blended with each other or with lignosulphonate to give admixtures with a wide range of rheological properties. They can also be blended with other chemicals to increase retardation, workability retention, air entrainment and other properties.

Superplasticizers are a versatile group of admixtures with a wide range of potential properties and dosages, tailored to meet specific requirements. Dual-function products that are designed to give, say, water reduction and retardation are common, especially in warmer climates. It is therefore essential to check with the data sheet and the manufacturer before moving from one type or brand of superplasticizer to another.

Superplasticizers find use in the pre-cast and readymix concrete industries as well as in site-mixed concrete. In pre-cast they are used mainly as water reducers to give high early strength. On site-mixed they may be used:•

To give high workability where there is dense reinforcement•

For low water contents to give high early or later age strength•

For low w:c to give low-permeability durable concrete.

In readymix they are used for all the above applications and can also give extended workability to cope with long delivery and placing times, especially at elevated temperatures.

Superplasticizers are additions that allow a given degree of workability to be obtained at a reduced water/cement ratio. The ratio may be reduced by up to 20% in the presence of, for example, sulphonated naphthalene formaldehyde condensate, which is absorbed at the solid/liquid interface. They have the effect of neutralizing the surface attractions between individual particles of the cement, causing them to form a less open structure, which therefore requires less water to fill spaces and provide fluidity to the paste. By decreasing the water/cement ratio in this way, superplasticizers act to increase the strength of the cement product.

By the addition of both superplasticizers and microsilica, cements with a six-fold increase in tensile strength have been achieved.

Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde Condensate(SNF)

Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde (SNF) chemical name Sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates,functions as an emulsion stabilizer, surfactant – dispersing
agent, and a surfactant – hydrotrope in cosmetic products. It is used as a raw material in the
production of admixtures for the construction industry and is one of the basic ingredients for
formulation of chemical admixtures for concrete and mortars. It is defined as the sodium salt of the
product obtained by the condensation polymerization of 2-naphthalene sulfonic acid and
formaldehyde.

CHEMICAL NAME AND IDENTIFICATION

Chemical Name (IUPAC): Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, polymer with formaldehyde
CAS RN: 9008-63-3
Molecular formula: (C10H8O3S.CH2O.Na)x [This substance is a polymer.]
Molecular weight: Unknown
Synonyms: Sodium polynaphthalene sulfonate; naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, polymer with
formaldehyde; sodium naphthalenesulfonate-formaldehyde copolymer; naphthalenesulfonic acid
sodium salt/formaldehyde polymer; formaldehyde/naphthalenesulfonic acid.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

According to Hampshire Chemical Corp. (1995), Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde (SNF) is made by reacting naphthalene with sulfuric
acid under conditions of heat and pressure. Formaldehyde and water are then added to produce the
acid polymer under the same conditions of heat and pressure. Caustic is added to the acid polymer
resulting in the final product (CIR, 2003).
Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde (SNF) is tan or amber in powdered form and brown in liquid form. It is completely soluble with a
density of 400 – 700 kg/m3. The substance has a percent (%) volatility of 3 % to 7 % water (CIR,
2003).

APPLICATION

Dispersants for versatile uses. Base for spreader of agricultural chemicals. Dispersants for synthetic rubbers and resins in emulsion polymerization. Dyeing auxiliaries. Dispersing and wetting agents of paper processing aids.

Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde (SNF) can be utilized in water-based cleaners such as carpet shampoos, automatic dishwashing detergents, and industrial detergents, as well as in emulsion polymerization, photographic solutions, and agricultural formulations. One grade of naphthalene sulfonate can also be used as a dispersant in many areas, which include textile chemicals, pesticide formulations, cements, emulsion polymerization, pigments and dyestuffs, and leather tanning.